Jyoti Maan, Here is a Wiki article to help explain the differences in solvers - Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM) The article explains that the StormCAD product (and the GVF Rational Solver in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm) uses the rational method to analyze or design a system under peak flow conditions based on peak rainfall intensity, while the other solvers in CivilStorm and SewerGEMS such as the Implicit or Explicit, takes rainfall hyetographs (rain vs. time) and develops hydrographs (flow vs. time) for each pipe and routes the flows dynamically. If you are studying a small area where only peak flow is of interest, or if you need to design a system based on the standard rational method, then StormCAD or the StormCAD solver (GVF Rational) should be adequate. If you are working on a large area where hydrograph routing and storage are significant, where you need to use a dynamic solver, or if you need to otherwise analyze more complex effects such as flooding and controls structures, then the Implicit and Explicit solvers in CivilStorm (or SewerGEMS) is what you need. Please let me know if this does not answer your questions. Thank-you, Larry

Reply in English Hello Edgar, There is a user notification that says: 44845 "SIN PROTECCION HDPE " "Pipe" "47" "T-1" "Note: Transient force calculations are not computed for pipe bends. For accurate force calculations, replace all pipe bends with junction elements." Transient Engine The force calculations are not aware of the intermediate bends along a pipe. They assume the pipes run in a straight line between junctions. Perhaps that is the issue? Regards, Mal . Reply in Spanish - Google Translated Hola edgar, Hay una notificación de usuario que dice: 44845 "SIN PROTECCION HDPE" "Tubería" "47" "T-1" "Nota: Los cálculos de fuerza transitoria no se calculan para las curvas de tubería. Para cálculos de fuerza precisos, reemplace todas las curvas de tubería con elementos de unión." Motor transitorio Los cálculos de fuerza no son conscientes de las curvas intermedias a lo largo de una tubería. Asumen que los tubos corren en línea recta entre las uniones. Tal vez ese es el problema? Saludos, Mal

Hello Tony, Thanks for uploading the model as discussed over private message earlier today. The problem appears to be due to the configuration of your composite outlet structure. The invert of your pond is 2211.67 ft, and if you look at the Rating Table tab of the composite outlet structure, you will see a flow of 0.1 CFS at a WSE of 2211.67 ft. So, the pond has an outflow of 0.1 CFS even when it is empty, leading to the excess outflow volume and high mass balance error. There is a flow at 2211.67 ft because the orifice component "2" orifice" has an invert elevation of 2210.75 (below the bottom of the pond. You will also see a user notification about this: -1 "10-YEAR" "Composite Outlet Structure" "124" "Composite Outlet Structure - 1" (N/A) "2" Orifice: The structure invert 2,210.75 ft is lower than the headwater minimum elevation 2,211.67 ft." Precalculation If you change the orifice elevation to 2211.67 ft, and change the output increment and calculation timestep to 0.01 hr in your calculation options (smaller timestep recommended for pond models - see this guide ), the calculation summary will have a 0% mass balance error. I also noticed you have a catchment (DS-9-13) connected to an outfall, which then connects to the pond. You can simply choose the pond as the "outflow element" of that catchment.

Hello Mburgcrzy, In StormCAD you can define the at what depth /height /size of pipe how much should be the pipe full, i.e. 100 % / 75 % / 60%? Which you can define in tabular format in design constraints. Analysis > Design Constraints. Also once you have computed the model then you can open the profile of the desired pipes to understand how much is the pipe capacity, level of water in pipe etc. However StormCAD uses GVF-Rational solver, which calculates the peak flow for the pipes, as seen below. You can also look at the depth / rise % in pipe properties, which will tell you how much pipe capacity is used, can you please elaborate your query? What do you mean by stage-discharge table? .

Product(s): WaterGEMS, SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, StormCAD, PondPack, SewerCAD, HAMMER, WaterCAD, CulvertMaster, FlowMaster Version(s): 08.11.02.XX + Overview This TechNote should help you understand how the ProjectWise integration works and what you need to do in order to integrate ProjectWise with the Hydraulics and Hydrology products. What is ProjectWise? ProjectWise is a suite of software from Bentley Systems aimed at helping manage, find, and share CAD and geospatial content, project data, and documents. Enabling ProjectWise Integration ProjectWise integration must be enabled before the OpenFlows product can directly interact with ProjectWise. Note: If you are using the 32-bit version of ProjectWise, you will need to use the 32-bit version of the OpenFlows product. You cannot use the 64-bit version of the OpenFlows product with the 32-bit version of ProjectWise. As of August, 2018, CulvertMaster, FlowMaster and PondPack do not yet support the CONNECT Edition of ProjectWise (even 10.00.00.XX). See: ProjectWise CONNECT Edition Compatibility Browse to C:\ProgramData\Bentley\(product name)\10\ (or "8" for V8i) and open ProjectWiseIntegrationLocalOptions.xml in text editor. Next, f ind the line that sets the PWDIR variable ( PWDIR="") and change it so that it refers to the directory where a supported version of the ProjectWise Explorer is installed, such as PWDIR="C:\Program Files (X86)\Bentley\ProjectWise\". If you have a 64-bit operating system, also set PWDIR64 to the path for ProjectWise, which is typically C:\Program Files\Bentley\ProjectWise. For users with the 64-bit version the XML would look like this after the necessary changes are made; For the MicroStation platform, you must enable the ProjectWise iDesktop integration for Microstation when installing the ProjectWise Explorer client software. You can also Change the ProjectWise Explorer installation to enable this from the Windows Control Panel. The ArcGIS platform will automatically detect an installed ProjectWise Explorer. The AutoCAD platform does not currently support ProjectWise integration. Once the integration is completed restart the program and go to File > Open. This should open up the ProjectWise datasource window. Enter the ProjectWise credentials for login and access to files stored will be available. What is Captive Environment? The term captive environment refers to the state of integration when the user cannot save documents to or open documents from the local file system. They are “captive” or forced to work in the ProjectWise environment. Captive Environment Setup for Users Open ProjectWiseIntegrationLocalOptions.xml in text editor (see above for the location). Locate the following string below on this text file and change UseCaptiveEnvironment =“true” and save it. It will read: *** Make sure to close out of Projectwise and the hydraulics and hydrology programs to see this change. Captive Environment Setup for Administrators Open ProjectWiseIntegrationLocalOptions.xml in text editor. It’s the same file we used for the program's integration with ProjectWise and it is located on your local drive C:\Program Files\Bentley\ProjectWise\ ProjectWiseIntegrationLocalOptions.xml Locate the following string below on this text file and change UseCaptiveEnvironment =“true” and save it *** Make sure to close out of Projectwise and the hydraulics and hydrology program to see this change. Spatial Reference System (SRS) • The SRS is a standard textual name for a coordinate system or a projection, designated by various national and international standards bodies • The primary use of the project's SRS is to create correct spatial locations when a managing a project in the ProjectWise Integration Server's spatial management system. • The SRS name comes from the internal list of spatial reference systems that ProjectWise Spatial maintains on the ProjectWise server and is also known as the "key name." To determine the SRS key name, the administrator should browse the coordinate system dictionary in the ProjectWise administrator tool (under the Coordinate Systems node of the datasource), and add the desired coordinate system to the datasource. For example, the key name for an SRS for latitude/longitude is LL84, and the key name for the Maryland State Plane NAD 83 Feet SRS is MD83F. Single Sign-on and Auto-login support · Single Windows login allow you to login each time you open Microstation or any other platform · Auto-login gives you option to remember the data source next time you log into this application Document creation wizards No Wizard icon — Selecting No Wizard icon and clicking Set as Default means that the standard document creation dialog will open instead of the Advanced Document Creation Wizard. So when No Wizard is set, the Create Document dialog opens when you select Document > New > Document, and the Copy Document dialog opens when you select Document > Copy To. Also, clicking OK in the Create Multiple dialog will automatically create the specified number of documents (with no files attached), and copying or moving documents in ProjectWise Explorer using the drag and drop method will automatically perform the copy or move. Selecting No Wizard here also ensures that if you attempt to create a new document in an integrated application, the application will open whatever ProjectWise dialog it normally uses to create new ProjectWise documents. Advanced Wizard icon — Selecting Advanced Wizard and clicking Set as Default means that the Advanced Document Creation Wizard will be used when creating documents. (The Advanced Document Creation Wizard Properties dialog controls which document creation actions will invoke the Advanced Document Creation Wizard.) Selecting Advanced Wizard here also ensures that if you attempt to create a new document in an integrated application, the application will open the Advanced Document Creation Wizard. Clear Default / Set as Default — Clicking the Clear Default button signifies that you do not want to commit to a default document creation method. When you click Clear Default and the --no default wizard-- message appears in the dialog, this means that the Select a Wizard dialog will open whenever you select Document > New > Document, whenever you create multiple documents using the Create Multiple dialog , and whenever you copy or move documents using the drag and drop method. Clicking the Set as Default button sets whatever method (icon) you select from the list as the default method for creating documents. Setting --no default wizard-- here also ensures that if you attempt to create a new document in an integrated application, the application will open the Select a Wizard dialog. About — When the Advanced Wizard icon is selected, clicking the About button opens an information box that provides — information — about the benefits of the Advanced Document Creation Wizard. Properties — Opens the Advanced Document Creation Wizard Properties dialog , which is used to specify which document creation actions will invoke the Advanced Document Creation Wizard, and which pages on the wizard will be hidden from the user. Saving a model into ProjectWise Be sure to save your model into ProjectWise (so it saves as a file set) as opposed to drag/dropping the files manually. See more here: Models not opening properly from ProjectWise when manually uploaded via drag / drop See Also What is the workflow for using ProjectWise with the MicroStation integrated interface and the OpenFlows product line? Models not opening properly from ProjectWise when manually uploaded via drag / drop Model results not saving to ProjectWise ProjectWise CONNECT Edition Compatibility

Product(s): Bentley WaterGEMS, Bentley WaterCAD Version(s): 08.11.xx.xx Environment: N\A Area: Calculations Subarea: N\A Error or Warning Message When computing a Darwin Scheduler run, the following error message is generated: "Starting energy price must be greater than zero." However, energy pricing is included and is greater than zero. How to Avoid This user notification occurs if the energy pricing method is the Block Rate tariff type. Darwin Scheduler does not support Block Rate. Instead, it is recommended that the Constant or Time of Day tariff type. See Also Using Darwin Scheduler Original Author: Scott Kampa

Hello Jyoti, In case of dynamic solver, pipe velocities and flows might be zero based on hydrogrographs for few time-steps, but not throughtout time period of day 24 hours. You can color code the pipes for flow or velocity, or color code for velocity and annotate for flow and then scroll through the time-steps to see how the flow and velocity changes over times in model. Or you can also create graphs to observe closely the variation with time. However, implicit dynamic solver will analyze the network based on inputs it will not do the automated design like GVF rational solver which calculated peak flow. If you want software to design the sizes for you then initially you can use GVF-Rational solver, IDF event, design the pipes which will give estimate about the pipe sizes required. And then change solver to implicit and do the modifications as required and as per changes in the runoff method to unit hydrograph, and storm event.

Thank you for the answer Sushma. I'm looking for a pipe capacity chart based on slope and available head for a smoohth-lined HDPE.

Hi Sushma, Does the GVF-rational solver give higher pipe diameters than implicit dynamic solver regards Jyoti

Jyoti Maan, This isn't relevant, since Implicit doesn't do design runs. However, it is possible that peak conditions may be higher than the results in the Implicit solver. HTH, Larry

Product(s): WaterGEMS, WaterCAD, Hammer, SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, StormCAD, CivilStorm, FlowMaster, PondPack, CulvertMaster, OpenFlows FLOOD Version(s): All Background This article provides information on how to download OpenFlows (water infrastructure) products and upgrade to a newer version. Bentley's OpenFlows products are installed (using the single installation executable) on a Windows desktop computer and are independent from the license. The product is licensed/activated via user sign in to the CONNECTION Client (for version 10.02.XX.XX and greater) or via a license key entered on the computer (for older, SELECTserver-based versions) Read this for more on licensing and activation. The installation executable files can be downloaded either from the Software Downloads website, or through the update service in the CONNECTION Client (a small application that runs in the background on the client computer). See more on these methods below. Generally speaking it is best to upgrade to the latest available version, so that you are equipped with the latest features, updates and fixes to known issues and defects. For more details on what's new between the version you currently have and the latest version, click the name of your product from the "Product Specific" table here and scroll down to the "What's new" section. Who can Download? Access to the Software Downloads website is a benefit of SELECT and ELS subscribers, where upgrades are at no additional cost. NOTE: your organization's designated site administrator(s) have the necessary permissions to download software from the Software Downloads website, or grant that permission to others. Usually your site administrator is someone from your IT or Helpdesk department and is listed at the top of your initial PDF Fulfillment Document. If you do not know who this is you can find out by calling 1-800-BENTLEY 1-800-236-8539 (US and Canada) > option 3 (Licensing) and then option 2 (for problems accessing a Bentley website including login and password issues). If you do not have a SELECT subscription (that is, you are "Non-SELECT"), you would download the software using the link included in the "Fulfillment Document" PDF file from when you first purchased the software. It is suggested that you keep a copy of the installation file(s) for backup purposes. A Note on "Trial" Licenses Note that there are no separate downloads for a "trial" version of the product - everything is handled by product licensing. If your organization has SELECT OpenAccess, your license will contain all Bentley products and you will only be billed for what you use. If you need a separate trial license to use with your Bentley software, please contact your Bentley sales representative. Platforms - Standalone vs. MicroStation vs. AutoCAD vs. ArcMap There are no separate setup files for each platform. Meaning, there is only one single download file, which when installed, will detect if a compatible version of MicroStation, AutoCAD or ArcMap is installed and will create shortcuts for you to open the software in that integrated mode. The "Standalone" version is always included. Note that only WaterGEMS, SewerGEMS and HAMMER have the ability to integrate with ArcGIS/ArcMap, and AutoCAD integration is a separate cost for WaterCAD, StormCAD, SewerCAD and PondPack and the program will check your license to see if AutoCAD integration is available, when attempting to open the "...for AutoCAD" shortcut. Downloading from the CONNECTION Client Starting with the CONNECT Edition of the OpenFlows products, the CONNECTION Client will alert you on new version availability and can download and upgrade for you. You will need to be using a CONNECT Edition version of the software (10.XX.XX.XX), with the CONNECTION Client open and signed in. You may also need to check if you have download permissions assigned to your Bentley account (see link above for details on downloading). Downloading from the Software Downloads Website Your Site Administrator can download the software from the Software Downloads section of our website. 1) Sign in to the Software Downloads web site *If you are directed to a page about Bentley iWare (https://store.bentley.com/en/products/iware) this means your account does not have permission to download the software. In this case please refer to the note in red located above. Note: the New “Software Downloads” site has been available since March, 2019. As of April, 2019, if you would like to use the legacy Fulfillment Center site, it can be accessed by clicking the “Classic Site” link in the upper-right-hand corner. For more information on downloading from the Fulfillment Center, see the section “Legacy Download Site (Fulfillment Center)” 2) Type in the product name and . For example, you might type in: "WATERGEMS" or "Bentley WATERGEMS" Note: If you do not see the product you searched for, Click the "Apply" button to be sure that all of your search criteria is included in the Search Results. 3) Click the Get Software link on the tile for the product you want to download. 4) You should see a list of available versions of the product. If you do not see the product or you do not have access to the Download button, you may not have rights to download and in such case please contact your local IT or call Bentley at 1-800-BENTLEY - 1-800-236-8539 (US and Canada) and choose option 3 for problems accessing a Bentley website including login and password. Note: The latest version of the software should be the first one in the list at the top. You can also tell the version by the third set of numbers after the period.The larger the number the more recent the version. For example 08.11.05.XX would be a more recent version than 08.11.04.XX and 10.XX.XX.XX is a more recent version than 08.XX.XX.XX. The latest two versions of the product are available to download. If another version of the product is needed, please contact Bentley Technical Support. A note on "bitness" (32-bit vs. 64-bit) - For some products, you will notice two different versions of the product, one labeled "32-bit" and the other one labeled "64-bit". Both will download the same exact installation file. The installation will always install both a 32-bit and 64-bit copy of the product, to the same installation folder. The 32-bit instance is installed to the root install folder, and a 64-bit version is installed to a "x64" subfolder. This is done in order to provide support for platform integration. The Standalone version of the OpenFlows product will default to opening the 64-bit version (which has expanded memory bandwidth, helpful for larger models/backgrounds) while the MicroStation and ArcMap integrated versions use the 32-bit instance of the OpenFlows product, because MicroStation and ArcMap are currently only 32-bit. AutoCAD can be either 32-bit or 64-bit. The matching "bitness" of the OpenFlows product must be used in order to integrate. The download site lists both a 32-bit and a 64-bit version to try to help alleviate confusion that would otherwise arise from listing only one or the other; "where is the XX-bit version?". Note: Typically you will only need the main installation file. The "Prerequisites for Bentley Desktop" and "i-model Publishing Engine" are only needed when you plan to export your model to an "i-model". The prerequisites are only designated as "32-bit", but they will work with both versions (for i-model export). 5) Click the download button to the right of the item you are going to download. You will need to click each one individually. 6) Click accept on the terms of service agreement after you have reviewed it. 8) Finally, choose a location to save the file to. By default, on a Windows 7, 8 or 10 operating system or later, this would be: C:\Users\ \Downloads\ This will initiate the download process. The last step is to run the installation file(s) once saved. You will need to be signed into Windows with administrator permissions in order to install software. 9) Once the software is installed, you will see shortcuts on your desktop for any detected platform versions, such as "StormCAD for AutoCAD 2018". It is suggested that you open the Standalone version (for example "StormCAD") first to ensure that the product is properly licensed. If you have questions about licensing and activation, contact your site administrator, and see this article: Activate (license) Hydraulics and Hydrology Products Legacy Download Site (Fulfillment Center) Sign in to the Fulfillment Center web site Type in the product name and select the product. For example, you might type in: "HAMMER" or "Bentley HAMMER" NOTE: if you do not see the product when searching, it may be due to filters. Click "clear all" below the filter options on the left side, then search again. Click the “All Downloads” link, as shown in the screenshot below. You should see a list of available versions of the product. If you do not see the product or you do not have access to the Download button, you may not have rights to download and in such case please contact your local IT or call Bentley at 1-800-BENTLEY - 1-800-236-8539 (US and Canada) and choose option 3 for problems accessing a Bentley website including login and password. Note: The latest version of the software should be the first one in the list at the top. You can also tell the version by the third set of numbers after the period.The larger the number the more recent the version. For example 08.11.05.XX would be a more recent version than 08.11.04.XX and 10.XX.XX.XX is a more recent version than 08.XX.XX.XX. The latest two versions of the product are available to download. If another version of the product is needed, please contact Bentley Technical Support. Click the download button to the right of the item you are going to download. You will need to click each one individually. Click accept on the terms of service agreement after you have reviewed it. How do I know when a new version is available? See: How to receive alerts on new version availability Cumulative Patch Sets When high priority (work-stopping) defects are resolved, they are included in cumulative patch sets . These patches apply fixes to the respective version without changing the version number. As of this writing, cumulative patch sets are not available on the Fulfillment Center or CONNECTION Client. If you need a cumulative patch set, please contact Technical Support ( Forum | Service Request ). See Also How to receive alerts on new version availability What is the installation order for WaterGEMS, WaterCAD, SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, StormCAD, PondPack, and CivilStorm? Cumulative patch set information and software update information What is an i-model and why does it show as a prerequisite? How do I publish an i-model?

Product(s): WaterGEMS, WaterCAD, HAMMER, SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, StormCAD, CivilStorm, PondPack, FlowMaster Version(s): 10.02.00.XX and greater Area: Licensing Introduction This article explains license activation and administration for the CONNECT licensing method used in more recent CONNECT Edition versions of the above OpenFlows products: version 10.02.00.XX and greater. If you are looking for licensing information for versions older than 10.02.XX.XX, see this article: Licensing OpenFlows products - SELECTserver Overview CONNECT Licensing gives you more control over license usage and administration, compared to previous, SELECTserver licensing. Here are some key benefits: Sign in required - Activation Keys are replaced with CONNECTION Client sign-in, providing enhanced security. (sign-in credentials needed instead of a static key) Concurrent use thresholds - license administrators can disable offline use and set a concurrent use threshold to help control usage and prevent unintended usage. Control over user access - license administrators can configure groups of specific users and choose which applications and feature levels are available to them Easy to understand Feature Level selection - the process of selecting product feature levels (ex: number of pipes) is easier and more clear to the end-user, to help avoid unintended usage and overages. License Server Settings (for Administrators) License Administrators should become familiar with the CONNECT Licensing Model and ensure all users are registered. See: Getting Started | Bentley user registration It is recommended that Administrators first configure Entitlement Management , to establish group-based access to licenses, and set concurrent use thresholds if desired. This is accessed from the Enterprise Portal > Entitlement Management. Note that changes can take up to an hour to reflect on the client computers. See more details here: Entitlement Management Configuration Groups and Users - View the list of all registered users and establish groups of users (for example per country, to mimic site-based SELECTServer licensing) to use with General Access settings. CONNECT Licensing is "hierarchy based", so all users for sites (office locations) within your organization will have access to all licenses, unless you set up Groups with General Access settings applied (see below). General Access - Set application (and feature level) access per user or Group. For example you can set SewerGEMS to only be available for a group of wastewater engineers. Concurrent Use Alerting - (must be enabled by the administrator) set concurrent use thresholds, to display an alert to the user will exceed this threshold. The user can acknowledge this, or cancel and quit the application. This can be used to help prevent unintended over-usage if for example you want to prevent the concurrent use of more license seats than you own. Administrators can also include a custom message in the warning popup as well. In order to ensure that concurrent use is always checked, it is important that you select the option to disable offline use ( requiring sign-in at all times.) It is also critical that all users of the product are using a CONNECT Licensing enabled version (10.02.XX.XX and greater) The threshold cannot be set to zero to prevent any usage - use General Access settings instead. This does not guarantee that no over-usage will occur. For example you may have other users using older application versions that do not use CONNECT Licensing, and there are other possible reasons, as seen in this article: CONNECT Licensing FAQ Product Activation (for Users) The product licensing process is as follows. For problems, see: Troubleshooting . Installation - During installation, the CONNECTION Client will be installed, which manages product licensing. You must keep the CONNECTION Client installed and running in the background, to license your product. In the Preferences , you can choose to automatically sign in. Sign in When opening the product, you must be signed in to the CONNECTION Client . License availability is based on your account's associated organization. Activation status and feature level selection is tracked based on who you are signed in as. So for example your administrator cannot sign in to their account to activate the license on your computer. If you do not have a sign-in or if it is not associated with your organization, contact your Administrator. See: Bentley user registration - Connected User setup If you do not have internet access or need to be away from the network for a period of time, see "Reserving a license / No Internet" further below. Internet Explorer 9 or greater is currently required, for the CONNECTION Client to work properly. Select the Feature Level All OpenFlows products except for FlowMaster and CulvertMaster are licensed by feature level , for example number of pipes. Your organization may own perpetual licenses and/or have feature levels available to you from a subscription (for example SELECT OpenAccess or ELS) One feature level owned: If your organization owns perpetual licenses for only one distinct feature level for the product you are opening, it will be selected for you automatically when the product opens. For example your organization may have a SELECT OpenAccess subscription enabling access to all possible feature levels, but you only own perpetual licenses for one particular feature level. For example three perpetual licenses of WaterCAD for AutoCAD 1000 pipes. Multiple feature levels: If your organization owns perpetual licenses for multiple feature levels for the product you are opening, or if it only has subscription-based feature levels available (for example ELS), the Feature Level Selector will open: Feature levels that your organization owns a perpetual license of are clearly differentiated from other feature levels available to you via a subscription. If you select a feature level that is not owned, an alert will warn about potential term license charges, to help prevent unintended usage. The number of owned licenses is clearly shown, and by default the list is filtered to show only those licenses (unless there are no owned licenses). Click the "Select" button next to the feature level you would like to use (which may first check availability), then click "Done" to open the product. The selected feature level will be used automatically the next time you open the software (you do not need to select it each time.) However, this means that if you have a need to temporarily select a non-owned feature level (for example to work on a model with a higher number of pipes for one project), you will need to remember to switch back to your owned feature level once done, to avoid continuing to incur term license charges in subsequent periods (quarter, for Quarterly Term License subscription, for example) if the higher feature level is not needed for those future periods. See Changing the Feature Level . For details on using the Feature Level Selector, see: Setting the License Feature Level in the Feature Level Selector No feature levels available (trial): If you do not own a license of the product, you can run it in Trial Mode for up to seven days. See "Trial Licenses" further below. If you believe you own a license but are getting "Trial mode", your sign-in may not be properly associated with your organization. S ee "Checking what products and feature levels are available to your organization" further below. General Access and Concurrent use check General Access When selecting the feature level, and when opening the product, it will check if you have access (permissions / entitlements) to it. This is configured in the General Access settings of Entitlement Management , where access can be set to denied by your license administrator. If you encounter a message stating that access is denied, it is in reference to the specific feature level that you selected (except for FlowMaster and CulvertMaster, which do not use feature levels). So, it could be that you are denied access only to that specific feature level, while you may still have access to other feature levels for that product. Y ou can change the feature level using the Feature Level Selector start menu shortcut (see section below ) Concurrent Use Alerts If your administrator has set a concurrent use threshold and you have exceeded it, you will be presented with an alert where you can choose to "cancel and quit" or "acknowledge". This optional setting is configured by your administrator in the Alerting section of Entitlement Management. For example a threshold can be set to only allow one concurrent usages of a product feature level for which only one perpetual license is owned, to help avoid unintended usage. The threshold currently cannot be set to zero. Meaning, you can't cause the alert to appear for ANY usage - use General Access settings instead, if you want to prevent any usage of a specific feature level. Cancel and Quit : if this is selected, the application will not open. If desired, you can change the feature level using the Feature Level Selector start menu shortcut (see section below - does not apply to FlowMaster or CulvertMaster) or you can ask your administrator to check the Real Time reporting to see who has that product/feature level in use. (see Monitoring section below) Acknowledge : If you acknowledge, this will be recorded, and the Administrator can optionally be notified of your choice. The product will then open and record usage against that selected feature level. Exceeding the threshold could result in usage charges, if the peak usage will exceed the number of perpetual licenses your organization owns. Please note the following regarding concurrent use alerts: Concurrent use thresholds do not guarantee that no over-usage will occur. Subscribers continue to hold the responsibility to manage their licenses within the terms of the SELECT Agreement. The license alert notifications assist with license management, but is not meant to supplement the responsibility of the account to monitor their usage. See more here . For this feature to work, it is critical that all users of the product are using a CONNECT Licensing-enabled version (10.02.XX.XX and greater) and that no users remain on older versions. When using the MicroStation or ArcMap integrated mode, if you click "cancel and quit" and the product does not shut down, be sure to exit manually to help prevent unintended over-usage. It is not necessary to wait a certain amount of time after closing the application, before opening it on another computer. In other words, the 10 minute interval used with older SELECTserver licensing-enabled versions no longer applies. When offline usage is disabled, there is an active "heartbeat" with the license server. Subsequent product use The next time the application is opened, it will simply continue to use the previously selected feature level. If you do not sign in, or network connectivity is interrupted and your administrator has not disabled offline use, you will be able to continue using the product for a limited number of days. Changing the Feature Level This section does not apply to FlowMaster or CulvertMaster (which do not have feature levels). If you own more than one distinct feature level of the product, or if you have a subscription that enables you to access other, non-owned feature levels (for example from a SELECT OpenAccess subscription), you can return to the Feature Level Selector tool to change the feature level that the product will use (and record license usage against). You may have a need to change the feature level if you are encountering a message on opening the product that states that your access is denied, or that a concurrent use threshold was reached. Or, you may need to work on a model that has more elements (pipes, inlets, ponds, etc) than your current feature level allows. The feature level can be changed from the Feature Level Selector , which you can access from the Start menu - type "Feature Level Selector" and click the shortcut that appears. You can also access the Feature Level Selector from within the product under File > Help > License Management > Tools > Select Feature Level (be sure to restart the application after making any changes to the feature level) MicroStation and ArcGIS Integration When using the MicroStation or ArcMap integrated mode, if you encounter a message stating that Access is Denied, or if you click "cancel and quit" on a message about the concurrent use threshold being exceeded, and the product does not shut down on its own, be sure to exit manually to help prevent unintended usage. AutoCAD should always shut down on its own in this case. Setting feature levels for multiple products at once This section does not apply to FlowMaster or CulvertMaster. An Administrator may want to set the feature level for all installed products at once, for an end user. The setting of the feature level is stored on a per-user account basis, and for the user's Bentley account (CONNECTION Client sign-in). To do this, the administrator will need to sign in to the user's Windows and CONNECTION Client accounts, then open the Bentley Licensing Tool (from the Start menu, or in the product under File > Help > License Management) and choose File > Select Feature Level. The Feature Level Selector will open, and will list all products and feature levels available to you. One feature level per product can be selected. Non-SELECT Licenses In earlier versions that used SELECTserver licensing, the license needed to be checked out if the user's organization did not have a SELECT subscription (i.e. "Non-SELECT"). Currently, (as of December, 2018) this is not necessary with CONNECT Licensing and no special workflow or considerations are needed. Reserving a License / No Internet Access If you need to use the product on a computer that does not have internet access, you can "reserve" a license (formerly referred to as "checking out"). If you currently have access to the internet but expect to be disconnected and need to use the product, you can reserve the license from the Bentley Licensing Tool, per the information in the "The Reserve License Tab" section of the following article: Overview of Bentley Licensing Tool If you do not currently have internet access, your license administrator can reserve the license on your behalf from the server administration page. This produces a file that can be imported from the Licensing Tool. For example the file can be placed on a USB drive, inserted into the computer in question, then imported into the Bentley Licensing Tool. See more in the section "5. License Checkout" in this article: Entitlement Management Configuration Reserving a license can also be used in other cases, not just when there is a lack of internet access. Note that reserving a license will cause the license to be in use the entire time that the license is checked out. For example if you own one perpetual license of a particular feature level and have a concurrent use threshold alert set to one, then if you have that feature level checked out, other users who try to open the product will encounter a threshold alert message. (see further above for more on concurrent use thresholds) Trial Licenses If you do not have an entitlement for a product (you do not own or have available ANY feature levels for it), you can try the product for up to seven days. For example a prospective user with an account not tied to an organization. In this case, you will see a message stating "This trial entitlement will expire in..." . The product will open but will be limited to the lowest possible feature level. For example 10 pipes without AutoCAD integration, for WaterCAD, 250 pipes for WaterGEMS, one pond for PondPack, etc. You can check this size under File > Help > About. Note that the trial usage is recorded on the server side, so once the trial period for a product has ended, you will not be able to use that product on any computer when signed into that account. Contact the Bentley Sales team for more information on product pricing. Also note that, although the "size" in the "About" window will show the minimum feature level such as 10 pipes, the software will record usage against a blank/empty feature level when using a trial license. This means that if you later become a SELECT OpenAccess subscriber, you will not incur a license usage charge for that minimum feature level due to the trial - it will know that the feature level was blank in that case and not include it. Trial usage for users with existing entitlements - if your organization already owns or has access to the product/feature level and you still want to try it out (trial it) without recording usage (which may incur a term license charge), please contact your Bentley sales representative for a separate Trial Entitlement. These are special separate licenses that you can use to try the software with your existing account (CONNECTION Client sign-in) without recording usage against the "real" license. This can be done with version 10.0.14.17 and greater of the CONNECTION Client, which is included with the installation of versions 10.02.01.XX and greater of the OpenFlows products. Detailed flowchart of licensing process (click to see full size) Monitoring Usage License usage can be reported and monitored from the Bentley Licensing Tool and from the Product Usage report. Bentley Licensing Tool - Reports current usage of CONNECT Licensing-Enabled Bentley products on the current computer. Product Usage Report - Real time and historical usage reports can be accessed from the Enterprise Portal See details here: Monitoring License Usage - CONNECT Licensing Troubleshooting - Summary If you encounter a problem with your license, the first basic troubleshooting to perform is as follows: Sign in - Ensure that you are signed into the CONNECTION Client with your company email address Select feature level - Search for "Bentley Licensing Tool" in your Windows Start menu, open it, then go to Tools > Select Feature Levels. This will show all feature levels for all OpenFlows products for the organization associated with your sign-in account. If the product in question appears, ensure that you click the "Select" button next to the appropriate feature level. Confirm organization - If no feature levels show up, ensure that your account (which you signed into with the CONNECTION Client) is properly associated with your organization. If you are able to do so, open the product in question, then go to File > Help > About and check the "Site ID". This is the customer number associated with your account's organization. If you are not sure if your account is properly associated with your organization, contact your administrator (typically in your IT / Helpdesk). Get help - if the above does not help, see the detailed troubleshooting information below, then if needed, contact Bentley Licensing Support. Troubleshooting - Details Unable to Sign in to the CONNECTION Client or "stopped working" error If the CONNECTION Client is not working properly or fails to sign in, see: Sign in problems or "stopped working" error with CONNECTION Client If you are having difficulty signing in or if you do not have an account that is linked to your organization, contact your Administrator. See: Bentley user registration - Connected User setup The product opens in "Trial Mode" This "trial entitlement" situation will happen if there are no licenses associated with the organization that your sign-in is associated with. There are several situations where this can occur: 1) This can happen for prospective users (with no licenses) who may want to try the product, in which case this message is expected. 2) It can happen if you sign in with an account that is not properly associated with your organization (in which case it is seen as the same situation as #1 since it will not "see" your organization's licenses). See: Bentley user registration - Connected User setup 3) It can happen if your organization does not have any licenses of the product you are trying to open. See "Checking what products and feature levels are available to your organization" further below. Contact your License Administrator for further help. 4) It can happen if your account is not properly configured for CONNECT Licensing. If you have confirmed that your sign-in is associated with an account that has licenses available (check the "site ID" under File > Help > About), yet none appear and the product stays in Trial mode, contact Bentley's Licensing Technical Support for help. 5) This message, or a "No Entitlement" message can also occur if you close out of the Feature Level Selector without selecting anything. In this case, you will need to reopen the product and ensure that you select a feature level. 6) This situation has also been known to occur if you initially used the product as a trial, then selected an owned feature level from the Feature Level Selector. A known issue in CONNECTION Client version 10.00.13.17 can cause the product to continue to operate in trial mode even though the feature level was set. In this case, please follow these steps: Close the CONNECTION Client Stop the license service (from Windows Task Manager - right click on the task bar, choose Task Manager, click the Processes tab, sort by name, right click on Bentley.Licensing.Service.exe and choose to end task Navigate to the following folder location: C:\Users\ \AppData\Local\Bentley\Licensing Delete the file named LicenseService.db Restart the CONNECTION Client Run the Feature Level Selector and pick the proper feature level Run the product again "Trial Expired" appears when trying to open the product This indicates that you had been using a trial version of the product and the trial period has ended. This can happen if your organization does not have a license of the product that you are trying to open, or if you are not properly signed in to the CONNECTION Client. (see "Checking what products and feature levels are available to your organization" further below) First, ensure that the CONNECTION Client is installed (check in your Windows Start menu), then open and sign in. Contact your administrator if you believe that your account is not properly registered with your organization, or if you have questions about what licenses your organization has access to. Also, ensure that the right product is being used. For example if using WaterCAD, check if your organization actually has WaterGEMS. Note that this message may also appear, if you dismissed the "you must sign in" prompt, then signed in. Click "Cancel and Quit", then re-open the product. The following message appears when opening the product: " If you received an access denied message, you should close the application at this time. Otherwise, you may have reached the end of trial mode ... " This could indicate that you have set the Feature Level to one that you do not have access to (access set to Denied on the server side). Please try re-opening the Feature Level Selector (from the Start menu), and if you see feature levels available, select the appropriate one, close the Feature Level Selector, then re-open the product. Be sure to first test the Standalone version of the product, as the AutoCAD integrated version may not be available in your feature level. Consult with your company's Site Administrator(s) for assistance with identifying the correct feature levels that you have access to. Future versions of the CONNECTION Client may filter out feature levels from the Feature Level Selector that you do not have access to (access set to denied). If you have set the feature level to one that you have access to and are still getting this message, try the steps for item #6 for the above "Trial mode" issue. Checking what feature level the product is using To check the feature level that the product is using, go to File > Help > About and note the number next to "Size". To change the feature level, see Changing the Feature Level Checking what products and feature levels are available to your organization A quick way to check what licenses are available to the organization that your sign-in is associated with is to open the Bentley Licensing Tool (from the Start menu) and click the "Reserve License" tab. This will show a list of the products and feature levels available to you. If the list is empty, then your sign-in account may not be properly associated with your organization (contact your administrator). "Access Denied" appears when trying to open the product This indicates that your administrator has restricted your access to this particular feature level (but not necessarily other feature levels for the product you are trying to use). If this appears after choosing "yes" to the "check availability?" prompt in the Feature Level Selector tool, dismiss this message box to return to the Feature Level Selector, to select another feature level for that product, if available. If this appears when attempting to open the product (not in the Feature Level Selector), you may need to contact your license Administrator to gain access, or you can choose a different feature level if available (see "Changing the Feature Level" further above) "License Information" appears when trying to open the product This indicates that your license administrator has set a threshold on the number of concurrent usages of that particular feature level, and all licenses are currently in use by other users. This often means that if you continue and open the product, your organization will incur usage charges (if the threshold was set equal to the number of owned licenses). This may be acceptable during times when multiple users need to be working in the software, in which case you can click the "acknowledge" button. This records the event and may alert the license administrator to your choice. If this appears during the availability check in the Feature Level Selector, "acknowledge" results in the feature level being selected, after which you can click "Done" and open the product. You may encounter a second instance of this dialog box when doing so. If this appears when attempting to open the product (not in the Feature Level Selector), you may need to wait for the licenses to be available, contact your license Administrator to check who has it open , or you can choose a different feature level if available (see "Changing the Feature Level" further above) "Application use is limited" appears when trying to open the product This may indicate that you had initially activated the product but had since gone offline (or was not able to sign in to the CONNECTION Client) and your offline use grace period has ended. When your administrator has permitted offline use, you can use the product offline for a limited number of days. Once this has expired, you must activate the product to continue using it. This is done using the steps further above. In short, you must sign in to the CONNECTION Client when connected to the internet and ensure your sign-in is associated with your organization. Alternatively if you need to use the product offline for an extended period of time, consider Reserving (checking out) the license. See "Reserving a license..." further above. "Access Denied... Continued use of this product..." when resuming from sleep If the software was open while the computer was put to sleep (for example laptop lid closed), you may see the above message when resuming from sleep. This can happen if all licenses became in use while your computer was sleeping (based on an admin-set threshold). In this case, save any unsaved work, close the software, then reopen, so that the license availability is re-checked. "Usage Alerting Service Unavailable" when starting the product, and product is very slow to open (or hang when choosing feature level) This can happen if there is a problem with Bentley's usage alerting service, and can result in a long delay in opening the product (or a hang when trying to select the feature level in the Feature Level Selector dialog). Once Bentley has resolved the outage, you may need to restart your computer to resolve the issue. Please contact Bentley Licensing Support for help. "Failed to Initialize" error when starting the product "This application requires the CONNECTION Client..." "Failed to initialize the Bentley Licensing Client..." "#ActiveLicenseFeatureModel_FailedToInitializeLicense" If you encounter one or more of the above errors, it is an indication that the CONNECTION Client is not installed, or you have an older version of the CONNECTION Client. Please reinstall the product, or download and install the latest CONNECTION Client version from the Software Downloads site. Version 10.00.11.17 or greater is required, as of December, 2018. If you use a 64-bit computer (this is most common), be sure to install the 64-bit version of the CONNECTION Client. "Trial" error about SCADAConnect when opening a model in WaterCAD This can occur if you open a model in WaterCAD that has SCADA Signals configured, such as the Example5 model found in the "Samples" folder, or a model sent to you by a WaterGEMS user. SCADAConnect is only available in WaterGEMS, so you will need to upgrade to WaterGEMS in order to use the SCADAConnect feature/tool itself. See more in this article: Using SCADAConnect Simulator "Product Offline" appears when waking computer from sleep or after a network outage This can happen if you left the product open while putting your computer into Sleep mode, or if you lose your internet connection while the product is open, and the connection is re-established. Your administrator may have disabled offline use (potentially along with setting concurrent use alerting), so the product will need to be closed to prevent usage from recording, which may result in over-usage if all licenses are already in use. Please save your work, close the software, then re-open it. Why does the Feature Level Selector show feature levels that I do not have access to? As of CONNECTION Client version 10.00.13.17, the Feature Level Selector will display all license feature levels that your organization has, regardless of whether the particular user (viewing the Feature Level Selector) has access (entitlements) to them. For example if the administrator has set the General Access settings to deny access to a particular feature level, currently it will still show up in the Feature Level Selector. In a future version of the CONNECTION Client, this will be addressed so that such feature levels are filtered out. In the meantime, when clicking the "Select" button next to a feature level, you will first be prompted if you would like to check that the license is available. When choosing "Yes", if you do not have access to that feature level, you will get an "access denied" message, then have the opportunity to select a different feature level. See more above under "Product Activation" (item #4). Feature Level Selector does not appear when opening the software If you own a perpetual license of only one distinct feature level of the product, it will be selected for you automatically and the Feature Level Selector will not appear. If you believe that you have more feature levels owned, try opening the Feature Level Selector from the Start menu shortcut. Owned feature levels will appear in bold in the Feature Level Selector. If you have a need to use a different feature level (for example one that is available to you as part of a SELECT OpenAccess subscription), you can select it. My administrator activated my license but I'm still being asked to choose a feature level. Activation status and feature level selection is tracked based on who you are signed in as, not your computer/machine name. So for example your administrator cannot sign in to their account to activate the license on your computer. Why does the Bentley Licensing Tool show that the product will expire in seven days? The "Expires" column in the Bentley Licensing Tool shows the date that the product will no longer be licensed, IF it is not able to activate earlier. This applies to cases where the administrator has enabled Offline Use, in which case you have a seven-day grace period where the product can be used offline (no internet or CONNECTION Client). This is what the "expires" date reflects in the Licensing Tool. It does not necessarily mean that your product is about to expire, but rather that it will expire if you are offline until that date. If you are able to sign in to the CONNECTION Client and open the product the next day for example, the "expires" date will increment by one day. Note that if you have changed feature levels using the Feature Level Selector, you may see multiple lines show up in the Entitlements tab of the Bentley Licensing Tool, and the one(s) that you currently do not have selected may show as expired. Do I need to Reserve (check out) the license if I do not have SELECT? As of January 2019, Reserving a license is not required for Non-SELECT users. The software is licensed as described in this article. Changes to the license server settings are not seen on the client computers If the license administrator has made a change on the server side, it can take some amount of time for the entitlements to update on the client computers. For example if a concurrent use threshold is set, it will not apply immediately. Wait an hour and try again. Unintended usage (or term license) occurs even though concurrent use threshold alerts are set Concurrent use threshold alerts do not guarantee that you will not incur usage. Also, concurrent use alerts are not enabled by default and must be turned on by the administrator on a per-feature level basis. Subscribers continue to hold the responsibility to manage their licenses within the terms of the SELECT Agreement. The license alert notifications assist with license management, but is not meant to supplement the responsibility of the account to monitor their usage. There are various reasons why alerts may not appear, such as the use of older, SELECTserver-based products. See more caused at the bottom of this article: CONNECT Licensing FAQ Also, even if a concurrent use alert appears, the end still has the option to "Acknowledge". Acknowledgement will be recorded, and the administrator can optionally be immediately notified in such cases. Generating License Client Logs for troubleshooting In difficult cases, log files can be provided to Bentley for troubleshooting licensing problems. Open the Bentley Licensing Tool either by searching for it in your Windows search/Start menu, or by running it from within the product > File > Help > License Management. From the main menu, select Tools -> Options, then click the "Error Logging" tab Turn on logging by selecting the "On" radio button under "Client Logging" group Select Ok to change the setting, then exit the Licensing Tool To retrieve diagnostic data, open the Windows Start menu, enter the following command, and press Enter: %LocalAppData%\Bentley\Licensing\Logs BeLicSvc.log[.x] - contains logs for the License Service. It is where the majority of the logging for Licensing will be found. ActivationWizard.log - contains logs for the Activation Wizard. LicenseTool.log - c​Contains logs for the Licensing Tool. When sending logs to Bentley, zip the entire Logs folder, and send the resulting zip archive. Other Topics What if I have a mix of older SELECTserver-based products and newer CONNECT Licensing-based products? In some cases, users of the OpenFlows products may not be able to upgrade to CONNECT Licensing-enabled versions. For example if you need to submit a project to another organization who is still using an older version (our products are currently generally not Forward Compatible ). In this case, the older products will still work and continue to report usage based on the Site Activation Key entered in the license management tool, but this means that concurrent use threshold alerts will not work properly. For example if you set the threshold to 1 and a user has an older (SELECTserver-licensed) version of that product/feature level in use, the CONNECT Licensing-based versions on other computers will not "see" that the other user has the product open, and the license alerting service will not know to display alerts in that case. Similarly, feature levels set to "denied" in the General Access settings on the server, will not be respected for older, SELECTserver-based versions. So, a mix of SELECTserver and CONNECT licensing can be used, but you will not be able to use concurrent use threshold alerting or General Access settings. Also note that the older, SELECTserver (hosted and "deployed"/on-premises) license administration functionality will be discontinued per the Bentley Support Policy on Jan 1, 2021. Older SELECTserver-licensed versions (below 10.02.XX.XX) will still continue to be able to license properly, but the supporting license management tools will no longer be supported. What if I was on "Deployed" SELECTserver previously? The "hosted" and "deployed" status of a user only impacts SELECTserver licensing. CONNECT Licensing-enabled products will always talk to Bentley's online license server via the CONNECTION Client. Consequently, users with a deployed SELECTserver can still use it for their older SELECTserver-based products while their newer CONNECT Licensing-based products communicate with our online license server. Does CulvertMaster support CONNECT Licensing? As of December, 2018, CulvertMaster does not yet support CONNECT Licensing. What Happened to the CONNECT Licensing Adapter? Originally we had planned to have a CONNECT Licensing "adapter" available, which would enable older product versions to utilize CONNECT Licensing. As of December, 2018, we no longer plan to have the adapter available. To use CONNECT Licensing and its related Entitlement Management features, you will need to upgrade to CONNECT Licensing-capable product versions. (10.02.00.01+) Licensing Cleanup You can reset your licensing conditions to default using the steps in the "licensing cleanup" section of the following article: How do I perform a clean uninstall and reinstall of the Hydraulic and Hydrology products? This can often resolve issues with activation when you have confirmed that other settings and conditions are good.

Gracias Mal, tenias razon. En todas las curvas puse uniones y los valores ya tienen coherencia. saludos Edgar

To supplement Mal's answer, here are some articles regarding Force calculations and the assumptions with bends: Para complementar la respuesta de Mal, aquí hay algunos artículos sobre los cálculos de la Fuerza y ​​los supuestos con las curvas: Transient Force Calculations in HAMMER Are pipe bends (vertexes) used in the force calculations?

Comparing GVF-Rational results to Implicit dynamic results is like comparing apples to oranges - refer back to the Wiki article regarding the differences. The Rational solver uses the Rational method for a steady state peak flow and needs to use IDF curves for rainfall information. It also calculates profiles using a Backwater method. The Implicit solver in contrast computes an unsteady (flow over time) simulation, with dynamic routing and profile calculations. Additionally, the unit hydrograph method is an entirely different method that the Rational Method, and would produce a different peak flow that would not be comparable to the Rational Method flow. You can also look at journal papers and textbooks for differences between Rational Method and Unit Hydrograph Method. If you are looking for a solver that will perform automated design as well as hydrograph routing for pond sizing, you could use the GVF-Convex solver as it has been automated design (steady state) as well as extended period simulation (hydrograph routing), and supports the use of the unit hydrograph method for catchments. Another option to consider would be to use the Rational Method for pipe sizing (this is common for sizing pipes), and then when you want to size the pond or route hydrographs, switch to the Implicit or Explicit (SWMM) solver for the most comprehensive flow routing methodology.

Jesse, I understood the " Chamber System Invert" to mean the bottom of the gravel envelope containing the chambers. Is that correct? I have a subdrain at the base of the gravel envelope that slopes to the control structure at 0.5%, thus making it lower than the "Chamber System Invert" and necessitating the orifice be below that in order to fully empty the outlet control structure...or can I neglect that? On a related note, I noticed that the Stormtech end caps are shown in the library but I have not incorporated them into my model, nor am I quite sure how to add them. Finally, is there a result somewhere that shows the potential maximum volume of storage for the pond. Thanks so much for your help! Tony

Applies To Product(s): Pondpack, SewerGEMS, CivilStorm Version(s): CONNECT Edition, 08.11.xx.xx (PondPack), CONNECT Edition, 08.11.04.54+ (SewerGEMS/CivilStorm) Original Author: Scott Kampa, Bentley Technical Support Group Overview The purpose of this TechNote is to discuss how to use setup and use PondMaker in PondPack V8i. Additional information can be found in the PondPack Help menu. Note: PondMaker is also available in recent versions of CivilStorm and SewerGEMS. Most of the information and steps below should still apply. Background In the development of a given area of land, flow will often increase since pavement is less pervious than the pre-development land. Ponds and pond outlet structures are used to mitigate this, introducing storage and controlled flow to try to keep the peak flow close to the pre-development conditions. PondMaker is a feature that streamlines detention pond design by guiding you step-by-step through this process. Once completed, the storage and outflow from the post-development pond should be within the give tolerance of the pre-development conditions. PondMaker also assists by keeping track of information such as target outflows, pond volume estimates, outlet structure design trials, peak pond outflows, and maximum water surface elevations for multiple storm events and/or multiple ponds. With the click of a button, the numbers in this spreadsheet update automatically. The PondMaker Dialog Box helps organize and reduce pond design iterations by systematically guiding you through the following iterative pond design sequence, including estimating pond storage requirements, creating pond dimensions, outlet design and analysis, and routing analysis. Note : PondMaker is available in older releases of PondPack as well, such as PondPack V10. This TechNote covers only PondMaker as used in PondPack V8i, or SewerGEMS and CivilStorm. Consult your Help documentation in PondPack V10 for steps to use PondMaker in that version. Note : this tool assumes that you are trying to attenuate the peak flow of your site outflow hydrograph to be below the peak of the predevelopment conditions. If this does not match your use case, PondMaker may not be appropriate. Also note that you do not necessarily need to use PondMaker for pond sizing - you can simply set up an estimate of the pond dimensions and outlet, run the model, assess, then adjust as needed and repeat. Before using PondMaker PondMaker will help design ponds and outlet structures, but you must have a working model to start, with both pre- and post-development scenarios set up. You will not need to set up pond dimensions or the elements in the composite outlet structure in the post-development scenario, however the elements must be in place. Note: For a new model, PondPack has a feature to help set up pre- and post-development scenarios. This feature opens when you select to create a new model. You can also access this tool from the Scenario manager. If you do not know the pre-development conditions but have the target peak flow rates, it is only necessary to define post-development scenarios. Start out by laying out the pre-development conditions. At minimum, this will include a catchment and an outfall. You will also need to have the storm data set up for the scenario you are modeling. Next, you will need to set up the post-development scenario. In a new scenario, enter the new CN and time of concentration information for the post-development catchment. You will need to add a pond, pond outlet entrance node and the pond outlet link. PondMaker will aid in creating the pond dimensions and setting up the outlet structure. For that reason, assign the Pond Type as “No Volume” and the pond outlet attribute “Has Outlet Structure?” to “False.” Note: PondMaker requires the use of the scenarios and alternatives. For more information, see the TechNotes on Scenario Management and Active Topology Selection. You can also look at the PondPack sample “Pre and Post Pond Design.ppc” found at C:\Program Files\Bentley\PondPack8\Samples. This sample file includes a pre- and post-development scenario for two storm events, and utilizes scenario management and active topology selection in modeling the system. Using PondMaker Once you have the pre- and post-development scenarios created for each return event, we will be ready to use PondMaker. To access PondMaker, go to Tools > PondMaker, click the PondMaker icon above the drawing pane or Right click your pond and choose "Design Pond with PondMaker". This will open the PondMaker dialog. To start a new PondMaker session, click the New icon in the upper left corner. A selection tool will open, prompting you to select a pond. Note that the selection tool allows you to choose a post-development scenario as well. This is in case your model has the pre-development scenario active, where a pond may not be visible for selection. Once the pond is selected, a new item will appear in the list on the upper left along with six steps. At the bottom of the dialog is a table that will be filled as you go through these steps. In the Options tab of this table, you can set up the tolerances you wish to use during the PondMaker process. Highlight “1) Design Scenario Configuration”. This step allows you to choose the design scenario, which is typically the post-development scenario, and the source of the flow or volume that PondMaker is trying to match. Basically it establishes the pre-development target flows and post-development hydrographs. If you choose “Scenario,” you can then choose the target scenario, which will be the pre-development scenario. If you choose “Hydrograph,” the option to select a user-defined target hydrograph will become available. If you choose “User-defined,” you will be able to enter your own value for the target peak flow and volume in the table at the bottom of the PondMaker dialog. Once you have made your selection for the target flow/volume, select Compute Step 1 at the top of the dialog. Choose the Design tab in the table at the bottom of the dialog. You will see that results for Target Peak Outflow, Target Outflow Volume, Peak Pond Inflow and Total Inflow Volume. Next, highlight “2) Storage Estimate.” This step uses the calculated post-development inflow hydrograph and the target peak flow found in Step 1 to estimate the storage volume for the pond. Select the storage estimate method and select the Compute Step 2 button at the top of the dialog. The post-development inflow hydrograph and the target pond outflow curves will be generated. The estimated storage will be shaded in blue and populated in the table at the bottom of the dialog. This estimate basically assumes that the pond you ultimately design will have a peak outflow equal to the target peak flow and that the shape of the rising limb of that outflow hydrograph will look similar to the blue line. The shape/curve of the blue line is based on the selected method, which defaults to curvilinear. Next, highlight “3) Pond Dimensions.” This step allows you to enter the pond dimensions manually or have PondMaker develop the dimensions for you. To enter the data yourself, fill in the selected property data, such as the Pond Type. The pond type selection will determine the other attributes displayed. For instance, choosing “Elevation-Area” will show a cell that allows you to enter an elevation-area curve. Choosing “Pipe,” will allow you to enter the pipe storage information. The alternative would be to allow PondMaker to select the pond dimensions based on a set of parameters. To use this method, choose the “Generate Dimensions” button. A new dialog will open. You choose which dimension you want PondMaker to compute and then fill in the necessary fields at the top portion of the dialog. For computing Pond Area, you would enter in data for pond water depth, side slope, freeboard depth, and top elevation. When you select the Compute button in the bottom left, the results fields will be populated. PondMaker will basically take the "knowns" that you've entered and fit in the estimated storage volume from the previous step to compute the unknown. Select Okay, and you will be prompted if you want to include the data in the PondMaker worksheet. Once the pond data is entered, select the “Compute Step 3” button. A curve will be generated to the right of the property data. You can use the dropdown menu above the curve to view either the elevation-area or elevation-volume curve. In the table at the bottom of the dialog, values for “Estimated Max Water Surface Elevation” and “Freeboard Depth” (which will be “True” or “False” depending on the parameters in the options tab) will be entered. If you've manually entered trial pond dimensions and the estimated max water surface elevations is not acceptable, revise your pond dimensions and click the "Compute Step 3" button to update the worksheet. PondMaker is basically filling the entered pond with the estimated storage volume from the previous step and reporting the resulting water surface elevation. Next, highlight “4) Outlet Design.” This step allows you to create an outlet structure for your pond that will attenuate the pond outflow down to the target pre-development peak. This step may take some trial and error to find the right combination and setup of the outlet structure. PondMaker will allow you to save multiple trials so that you can compare different results and find the best solution. Note : free outfall is assumed for the tailwater in this step, as routing through the network does not occur until step 5. If you expect significant tailwater effects downstream of the pond outlet, this can introduce significant additional restriction of pond outflow that would not be evident until step 5 (routing). To start, click the New icon in the worksheet and choose “Composite Outlet Structure.” A new composite outlet structure will appear, which can be renamed. Next, enter the maximum and minimum headwater for the composite outlet structure. This will typically correspond with the upstream pond. Now you will add the components of the composite outlet structure. To do this, highlight the composite outlet structure name and select the New icon. Then choose the type of outlet structure you wish to add (riser, weir, culvert, etc.). The selected structure will then appear below the composite outlet structure name. The dotted tree structure indicates that it is associated with the composite outlet structure. Highlight the individual outlet structure and fill in the appropriate data in the properties just below it. Each type of outlet structure will have its own set of data, so if you add more than one item to your composite outlet structure, be sure to fill in the data for each one. Once completed, if you want to see the rating curve for your composite outlet structure, you can highlight the composite outlet structure name and then select the green Compute icon. The rating curve will appear in the table. You can also look at the rating table or the rating curve or rating table of each individual outlet structure by highlighting it in the list. Then choose the “Compute Step 4” button. The “Estimated Peak Outflow” and “Estimated Peak Outflow vs. Target” cells will fill in. Note that the graphical display in this step is designed to help you quickly see how close your trial outlet was to achieving the goal (attenuating the pond outflow down to the target peak without exceeding the desired freedboard). The horizontal dashed lines represent the estimated maximum water surface elevation for each return event and the orange line represents the "target" rating curve, connecting the max WSE lines at the pre-development target flows. Basically in order to achieve your goal, you'll need to get your trial outlet structure's rating curve as close as possible to the orange target rating curve. If the “Estimated Peak Outflow vs. Target” fails, you may want to go and try another trial for the composite outlet structure. Select the New icon and select “Composite Outlet Structure” again. Choose a new set of outlet structures (or revise the data you used previously). Once completed, change the dropdown beside “Trial Outlet Structure” to the new composite outlet structure and select “Compute Step 4.” Continue this until you are satisfied with the results. Next, highlight “5) Routing.” Where the other steps used estimates to find calculated results, this step will actually compute the simulation and route hydrographs through the network, allowing you to see the final results for this setup. Choose the outlet structure from the “Trial Outlet Structure” dropdown and select the “Compute Step 5” button. The results will be viewable in the Routing tab in the table at the bottom of the dialog. If you want to test other outlet structures, simply choose the one you want from the dropdown and re-compute. Note: Since steps 1-4 use estimated values, there can be cases where the estimate will be within the tolerance but the final results from Step 5 will not be. Be sure to review the results before exporting the data from PondMaker out to your scenario. If you are satisfied with the results, highlight “6) Complete”. The designed pond and outlet structure will not be exported to your model unless you do this step. To finalize, click the Export to Scenario button. Once you do this, you should see the data from PondMaker in the pond and pond outlet elements in the model. You can also view a report of each step of the process by clicking the Report button Note: PondMaker is just a "sandbox" so you need to run the exported scenario in order to get the results from that scenario. There is additional information on PondMaker in the PondPack Help documentation. You can also find a Quick Start Lesson that walks through the process. You can access this by going to Help > Quick Start Lessons. There is also a sample file that has a completed PondMaker worksheet. You can find this by going to C:\Program Files\Bentley\PondPack8\Samples and choosing “Pre and Post Pond Design.ppc”. See Also Pond design start to finish in under five minutes with PondMaker How can I set up pre and post development scenarios for use in pond design with PondMaker? Using PondMaker with different tailwater for each return event What do all the lines in PondMaker step 4 represent? Accounting for bypassed (undetained) flow in PondMaker Pond Design from Start to Finish with PondPack (Webinar Recording) Pond design start to finish in under five minutes with PondMaker (short video blog post)

I've skeletonized the model as much as possible from another post on this forum, but still seeing the same result. What would cause the water age (max. calculated) to change from new to old back to new in a run without any branches connected to the mainline? Attached is a screenshot of the situation. Duration is 30 days. Color coding is as follows: Purple 600 hrs.

Applies To Product(s): PondPack, SewerGEMS, CivilStorm Version(s): V8i, CONNECT Edition Area: Modeling Original Author: Dan Iannicelli, Bentley Technical Support Group Problem Is the unit hydrograph method available in SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and PondPack based on TR-20 or TR-55? How can I get runoff hydrograph results such as peak flow to match TR-20 or TR-55? Solution If you are using SCS Unit hydrograph method with SCS loss method, the results should match closely with TR-20 hydrology. TR-20 represents the full bore implementation of these methods, whereas TR-55 is a more simplified version that lent itself more to hand calculations. TR-55 was a simplified procedure that was used when engineers didn't have computers that could properly crunch the numbers for them. It was simplified from TR-20. TR-20 is typically preferred in modeling software. So, SewerGEMS, CivilStorm and PondPack match TR-20 well when looking specifically at hydrology, but when you are routing flow through channels, and ponds, the dynamic numerical solver behind SewerGEMS and CivilStorm is much more sophisticated. The results should be close if there are few tailwater effects, but once backwater comes into play, the dynamic solvers in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm will be much more accurate. PondPack may be a better choice for the user who wants to match up more closely with overall TR-20 results when dealing with Pond routing and channel routing. In PondPack, SewerGEMS and CivilStorm, the SCS unit hydrograph method's default approach uses a hybrid of the strengths of HEC-1 and TR-20. To choose to strictly use HEC-1 or TR-20 in PondPack, change the method under Tools > Options. Also i n the advanced option dialog for each catchment, set the internal time increment to match the internal calculation increment used for that subarea within the TR-20 or HEC-1 program respectively. The curve number tables PondPack uses were taken from TR-55. Further references in the PondPack help documentation: 1) The section titled "Overview of the SCS Unit Hydrograph Method" (location may differ depending on your PondPack version: using search is recommended). 2) The section titled "CN Weighting", which discusses how the CN information is based on TR-55.

Product(s): Hammer Version(s): V8i, Connect Edition Area: Modeling Overview HAMMER provides several different ways to model a check valve, otherwise known as a “non-return” or “backflow preventer”. This Technote explains how each type of check valve works and when to use it. This article was written in the context of a transient simulation in Bentley HAMMER, but a pipe or node check valve also works (prevents reverse flow) during a steady state or EPS in WaterCAD and WaterGEMS as well. Pipe Check Valve The first and simplest way to model a check valve is to place it on a pipe element. This is done by simply selecting “True” for the “Has check valve?” property of the pipe. This would be done on the pipe where the check valve would be located. With this check valve approach, the following is assumed during the transient simulation: The check valve is located at the center point of the pipe The check valve closes instantly on first detection of reverse flow When using a check valve on a pipe, you will notice a symbol appear on the pipe: Pump Check Valve Another way to model a check valve is through the pump node element. If you’re modeling a Shut After Time Delay event, this is done by selecting “Check Valve” for the “Pump Valve Type”. If you’re modeling a Pump Startup or Variable Speed event, this is done by entering a zero for the “Time (For Valve To Operate)” field. This approach would be used when You have a check valve built into your pump, or if you’d like to assume the distance between the pump and downstream check valve is negligible. Similar to the pipe check valve, an instant closure is assumed, upon first detection of reverse flow. The pump node itself closes, preventing reverse flow. Note: the pump check valve will not re-open if forward-flow occurs. See: The check valve in a pump in a HAMMER model is not reopening Check Valve Node The third way to model a check valve is by using the Check Valve node element. Simply place the check valve node in place of a junction, or even along the length of the pipe where the check valve exists (choose ‘yes’ when asked if you’d like to split the pipe). *Make sure to set the Downstream Pipe so the check valve is facing the correct direction in the general section of the valve properties as shown below: When using this approach to explicitly model the check valve as a node element, make sure that the pump valve type is adjusted accordingly. Meaning, if the check valve is modeled in the check valve node element and you want to remove the check valve in the pump (so as not to have two check valves), set the pump's "Pump Valve Type" to "Control Valve" and enter a un-achievable large number for the "Time (for valve to close)" like 9999999. See more in Modeling a pump that has neither a check valve nor a control valve . The check valve node approach should be used when You’d like to see the check valve as a node, for visual or reporting purposes. You need to model a check valve that has a delayed closure instead of an instant closure. You need to model other advanced things, such as the pressure required to re-open the valve. You want to model check valve at a wye junction in model. The check valve node element is more flexible than the pump and pipe check valves, since it provides the following settings: Closing Time: The time to close the valve, from the fully open position, after reverse flow is sensed. This also establishes the linear rate of closure used if the valve is partially open when it starts to close. Set this to zero for instantaneous closure. Pressure Threshold –The pressure difference between the upstream and downstream side needed to reopen a closed check valve. If you select zero for this, the valve will reopen as soon as the upstream pressure exceeds the downstream pressure. Opening Time: The time to open the valve, from the fully closed position, after the specified valve opening pressure threshold is exceeded. This also establishes the linear rate of opening used if the valve is partially closed when it starts to open. Set this to zero for instantaneous opening Allow Disruption of Operation?: Denotes whether an operation (opening or closing) can be terminated prematurely due to a signal to reverse. False means that an opening or closing operation must complete once it starts (useful, for example, if the check valve is motorized and must fully close or open). True means that an opening or closing operation may be aborted at any time if the system conditions dictate. For example, if the check valve is half closed and the system pressures change (so that upstream pressure becomes higher than downstream pressure), then the valve will start to open again. Normally this field will be set to ‘True’. When using the check valve node element, you will see a user notification message for each change in the check valve position (starting to open, starting to close and interruptions) See further below regarding headloss in the partially-open condition. Introducing a delay in the closure of a check valve may prove to be more accurate, and sometimes more conservative. The reason is because in the case of an instantly closing check valve, the water column is essentially at rest at the time when it closes (zero flow). In contrast, if it takes some amount of time to close the check valve, momentum from the reverse flow is allowed to build up before the closure. Therefore the water column has some energy when the check valve closes, often resulting in more severe upsurge pressures. Consider the below graphs, which show the head and flow over time for an emergency pump shut down event, comparing instant closure (using either the pipe or pump check valve) to slow closure with a delay of 0.1 seconds and 0.5 seconds (using the check valve node). In the two slow closure cases, you can see that the peak HGL is higher than in the instant closure case. After 2 seconds, you can see from the flow graph that some reverse velocity has built up as the check valve closes, causing the increased pressure surge when the valve has fully closed. You can also observe that a closure delay of 0.5 seconds results in a higher pressure surge than a delay of 0.1 seconds, due to the increased time for reverse velocity to increase. Multi-stage Check Valve Closure If you need to model a check valve with multi-stage closure (for example fast start and slow finish), this would need to be done manually with a Throttle Control Valve (TCV), because the check valve node element models a linear closure. With this approach, the time that the valve starts to close is manual. Meaning, it cannot be set to start closing upon detection of reverse flow. If you were to place a check valve next to the TCV, then both the TCV and the check valve would close, which would not produce the desired result. Here is an article that goes into more detail on the actual closure aspect of modeling the TCV: Modeling Reference - Valve Closure If the two "stages" of closure are a fast start followed by a slower finish, you could also consider checking the sensitivity by running the model with a check valve set to the slower rate, than another scenario with the check valve set to the faster rate. In some cases, a faster closure of the check valve could produce more conservative results - if the check valve takes too long to close, reverse velocity can build up, compared to a faster closure where that reverse velocity may not have a chance to build up yet. See the note and illustrations above regarding this. Headloss Across the Check Valve Node When using the check valve node element, the HAMMER numerical solver can calculate the fraction of total opening (based on the open time and closure time), termed 'F'. When the check valve is 100% open, the check valve headloss coefficient K= 0; When the check valve is partially open, HAMMER uses the following equation to calculate the partially open headloss coefficient, based on the fraction open, flow and downstream pipe diameter. A = F * (0.611 + 0.389 * F 0.45 ) Headloss coefficient K = (1 – 1 / A) 2 With the headloss coefficient 'K', HAMMER uses the following formula to calculate headloss at the check valve with partial opening: Headloss = K * V 2 /(2*G) = K * Q2 / (1.2337*G*D 4 ) Where: G is gravity acceleration D is the diameter of the pipe downstream of the check valve. (ft, m) Q is the flow through the check valve (CFS, CMS) V is the velocity through the check valve (ft/s, m/s) K = Headloss coefficient / Minor loss coefficient F = fraction open (from zero to 1.0) See Also Reverse Velocity vs. Deceleration curves for a check valve Modeling a pump that has neither a check valve nor a control valve Protective Equipment FAQ General HAMMER V8i FAQ